What is the mode of action of zidovudine?
Mechanism of Action: Zidovudine is phosphorylated to zidovudine-triphosphate, which competes with endogenous nucleotides for incorporation into the viral DNA and once incorporated causes chain termination due to the lack of a 3′ OH group.
What is the function of lamivudine and zidovudine?
Lamivudine and zidovudine are antiviral medications that prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from multiplying in your body. Lamivudine and zidovudine is a combination medicine used to treat HIV, the virus that can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Is zidovudine a prodrug?
1. The anti-HIV drug zidovudine (3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine; ZDV) has three important pathways of metabolism. ZDV is a prodrug and must be phosphorylated in lymphocytes in order to exert its antiviral action.
How is AZT zidovudine synthesis?
A series of prodrugs of zidovudine (AZT) has been synthesized in an effort to enhance the uptake of the prodrugs by the HIV-1 infected cells and to increase the plasma half-life of AZT. The 5′-OH function of AZT was esterified with various acids in the presence of DCC and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP).
What is the use of zidovudine?
Zidovudine is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Zidovudine is given to HIV-positive pregnant women to reduce the chance of passing the infection to the baby. Zidovudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
Why is lamivudine used?
Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV) is used to treat hepatitis B infection. Lamivudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by decreasing the amount of HIV and hepatitis B in the blood.
What type of drug is zidovudine?
Zidovudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by decreasing the amount of HIV in the blood.
What is the brand name for zidovudine?
BRAND NAME(S): Retrovir. WARNING: Zidovudine has caused severe blood problems including a decrease in red blood cells (anemia) and white blood cells (neutropenia). They occur more frequently in people with advanced HIV disease (AIDS).
What are the side effect of lamivudine?
Lamivudine is generally a safe drug, with fewer side effects than other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Its most common side effects are headache, fatigue, and nausea which generally subside over time. Other side effects include decreased appetite, diarrhoea, skin rash, and abdominal pain.
What is the mechanism of action of lamivudine and zidovudine?
Mechanism of action. The combination of lamivudine and zidovudine is composed of two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Lamivudine and zidovudine both competitively inhibit and reduce the activity of reverse transcriptase (RT) causing HIV infected cells to decrease the number of viruses in the body.
How is lamivudine used in the treatment of HIV?
Drug interactions with lamivudine are uncommon. Lamivudine is an NRTI that is used in combination with other ARV agents for the treatment of HIV infection. Lamivudine undergoes rapid oral absorption and is largely excreted in the urine (approximately 70%) as unchanged drug [44].
How does lamivudine work as a nucleoside analog?
Lamivudine and zidovudine act as nucleoside analogs, which are substrates for the human nucleoside kinases. The initial phosphorylation step is crucial for the drug’s activity, then converted into the active 5’-triphosphate form by host kinases.
What are the side effects of long term use of lamivudine?
Long-term use of lamivudine can trigger a resistant hepatitis B virus (YMDD) mutant. HIV or HBV-infected women on lamivudine are warned to discontinue breastfeeding as this puts the baby at risk for HIV transmission and medication side effects. Patients who are infected with HIV and HCV and are on both interferon…