What is ephedrine doping?
by Hair Analysis. To the Editor: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that mimics the stimulant action of amphetamine. For this reason, ephedrine is included in the list of banned drugs of the International Olympic Committee.
What does ephedrine do for athletes?
Because ephedrine is a sympathomimetic and a central nervous system stimulant, it is commonly used as an energy enhancer. Ma huang-containing products are marketed and used to improve aerobic performance and endurance, reduce fatigue, increase alertness, improve reaction time, and even increase strength.
How is ephedrine tested for?
generally used tests for the identification of ephedrine. In the DenigCs test, ephedrine is dissolved in 2 cc. of concentrated sulfuric acid (to a colorless solution), and three or four drops of a 40% formaldehyde solution are added.
What class of drug is ephedrine?
What is Ephedrine and how is it used? Ephedrine is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of low blood pressure during anesthesia (Hypotension). Ephedrine may be used alone or with other medications. Ephedrine belongs to a class of drugs called Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Agonists.
What is ephedrine good for?
What Is Ephedrine? Ephedrine is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis.
Does ephedrine damage your heart?
“Ephedrine looks benign when you look at its effects on normal heart rates, but when there is a blockage, boom, ephedrine causes a potentially lethal arrhythmia,” Dr. Adamson said. “The heart starts beating so fast, it can no longer pump blood.” Dr.
What Colour is ephedrine?
2.1. Ephedrine reacts with the expected blue colour, but the intensity of the colour is weak as compared to methamphetamine and to other secondary amines such as piperidine. The full development of the colour requires 5 to 10 minutes.
How can I test ephedrine at home?
Testing Method
- Place small amount of material to be tested on a spot plate.
- Add 2 drops of reagent A.
- Add 2 drops of reagent B.
- Add 2 drops of reagent C.
- A violet color indicates presence of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine.
What are the effects of ephedrine?
With large doses of ephedrine sulfate most patients will experience nervousness, insomnia, vertigo, headache, tachycardia, palpitation and sweating. Some patients have nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Vesical sphincter spasm may occur and result in difficult and painful urination.
What is ephedrine for?
Ephedrine is a central nervous system stimulant used to treat breathing problems (as a bronchodilator), nasal congestion (as a decongestant), low blood pressure problems (orthostatic hypotension), or myasthenia gravis.
How much ephedrine can a person have in their urine?
Blood or plasma ephedrine concentrations are typically in the 20-200 µg/l range in persons taking the drug therapeutically, 300-3000 µg/l in abusers or poisoned patients and 3–20 mg/l in cases of acute fatal overdosage. The current WADA limit for ephedrine in an athlete’s urine is 10 µg/ml.
What is the molecular formula of ephedrine hydrochloride?
The molecular formula of ephedrine hydrochloride is C 10H 15NO.HCl. Its molecular weight is 201.7. The CAS registry number of ephedrine hydrochloride is 50-98-6. DESCRIPTION Ephedrine Hydrochloride MYX Injection is a sterile solution of phedrine e hydrochloride in water for injections.
When is ephedrine and methylephedrine are prohibited?
** Cathine: Prohibited when its concentration in urine is greater than 5 micrograms per millilitre. *** Ephedrine and methylephedrine: Prohibited when the concentration of either in urine is greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre.
What’s the difference between ephedrine and pseudoephedrine?
By convention, the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1R,2S) and (1S,2R) is designated ephedrine, while the pair of enantiomers with the stereochemistry (1R,2R) and (1S,2S) is called pseudoephedrine. Ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and a structural methamphetamine analogue.