What does tamoxifen do to endometrium?
Tamoxifen results in a spectrum of uterine abnormalities including benign alterations such as endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cystic atrophy, adenomyosis, and uterine fibroid growth as well as malignant transformation into endometrial carcinoma and uterine sarcoma[4–8].
Does tamoxifen cause thickening of the uterus?
Tamoxifen may cause the endometrium to appear thickened, irregular, and cystic. Most patients tend to display a multiplicity of findings.
What is normal endometrial thickness in menopause?
The postmenopausal endometrial thickness is typically less than 5 mm in a postmenopausal woman, but different thickness cut-offs for further evaluation have been suggested. vaginal bleeding (and not on tamoxifen): suggested upper limit of normal is <5 mm.
Does tamoxifen cause endometrial hyperplasia?
Although the primary therapeutic effect of tamoxifen is derived from its antiestrogenic properties, this agent also has modest estrogenic activity. In standard dosages, tamoxifen may be associated with endometrial proliferation, hyperplasia, polyp formation, invasive carcinoma, and uterine sarcoma.
Is tamoxifen worth taking?
Tamoxifen is a highly effective breast cancer treatment. It may significantly lower your risk of breast cancer recurrence or invasive breast cancer. People who are at high risk for breast cancer may take tamoxifen to reduce their chances of getting the disease.
Will I still get my period on tamoxifen?
Generally, your periods will start again once you stop taking tamoxifen, as long as you have not gone through the menopause naturally while taking the drug. It may take four to five months for your periods to become regular again.
Does tamoxifen cause other cancers?
Because tamoxifen acts like estrogen in the uterus, it can increase your risk of endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma (cancers of the uterus). It also is linked to a higher risk of endometrial pre-cancers.
Is 1 cm endometrial thickness normal?
For women of reproductive age, the endometrial stripe thickens and thins according to their menstrual cycle. The stripe can be anywhere from slightly less than 1 millimeter (mm) to slightly more than 16 mm in size. It all depends on what phase of menstruation you’re experiencing when the measurement is taken.
Is 15mm endometrial thickness normal?
A thickness of 15 mm or greater was associated with carcinoma (OR, 4.53; P = . 03), with a negative predictive value of 98.5%. Under 14 mm, the risk of hyperplasia was low, the authors found, at 0.08%. Below 15 mm, the risk of cancer was 0.06%.
How does tamoxifen make you feel?
Some people go through mood swings or feel low or depressed while they are taking tamoxifen. Or it may be harder to think clearly or concentrate. Tell your doctor or nurse if this is a problem, especially if you are feeling depressed. Tamoxifen may slightly increase your chances of having a blood clot.
What happens to the endometrium if you take tamoxifen?
Endometrial thickness exceeding 9 mm is an independent predictor of endometrial histologic abnormalities in asymptomatic breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. Several studies 1–3 suggested that tamoxifen produced estrogenic changes in the endometrium ranging from hyperplasia, polyps, or invasive carcinoma.
What should endometrial thickness be in breast cancer patients?
If either exists, hysteroscopy and biopsy should be done. Endometrial thickness exceeding 9 mm is an independent predictor of endometrial histologic abnormalities in asymptomatic breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen.
What is the risk of carcinoma in the endometrium?
the risk of carcinoma is ~7% if the endometrium is >5 mm and 0.07% if the endometrium is <5 mm 8. on hormonal replacement therapy: upper limit is 5 mm. no history of vaginal bleeding: the acceptable range of endometrial thickness is less well established in this group, cut-off values of 8-11 mm have been suggested.
How is endometrial thickness related to hysteroscopy?
Logistic regression showed that endometrial thickness greater than 9 mm and vaginal bleeding were independent predictors of abnormal findings at hysteroscopy. In women taking tamoxifen, sonographic endometrial thickness exceeding 9 mm and the presence of vaginal bleeding are independent predictors of endometrial disease.