What is Maddox rod used for?
The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection.
How do you interpret the Maddox rod?
When the Maddox rod is placed vertically over the right eye, the patient should see a horizontal red line and a white light. When the Maddox rod is placed horizontally over the right eye, the patient should see a vertical red line and a white light. If the eyes are aligned, the red line will go through the white light.
What is double Maddox rod?
Background: The double Maddox rod test, based on a red Maddox rod in front of one eye and a clear Maddox rod in front of the other, is used to measure cyclodeviation, typically in patients with superior oblique muscle pareses.
How is phoria detected?
To test for phoria, doctors will do the cross-over test, which is when one eye is covered and then the other eye is quickly covered after. The covering of the eyes back and forth will break the eyes’ synchronization for binocular vision and you can then tease out the phoria.
How do you do a 4 dot test worth?
With both eyes open, a patient with normal binocular vision will appreciate four lights. If the patient either closes or suppresses an eye they will see either two or three lights. If the patient does not fuse the images of the two eyes, they will see five lights (diplopia).
What do you mean by strabismus?
Strabismus (crossed eyes) is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with one another. In other words, one eye is turned in a direction that is different from the other eye. Under normal conditions, the six muscles that control eye movement work together and point both eyes at the same direction.
What does Tropia mean?
Tropia is a result of trying to use both eyes to see, but the turned eye makes it difficult for the brain to create a clear picture. If one of the eyes is steady, the eye is normal and aligned. If you notice movement when switching off between the two eyes, then that deviation means that the patient is phoric.
How do you use Maddox wings?
The examiner instructs the patient to hold the Maddox Wing and identify the number that the white (vertical arrow) and red (horizontal arrow) arrows point to on their respective scales. Example instructions and examiner questions: “Hold the device up to your eyes and look into the eye piece as if you’re reading a book”